Our five categories of stainless steels are differentiated by the alloying elements added to iron, carbon and chromium. It is also known as 188 stainless steel because of its composition, which includes 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Stainless steel, any one of a group of alloy steels usually containing 10 to 30 percent chromium. Pdf a patent on austenitic stainless steel was granted in 1912. Stainless steel is popular across many industries and for a wide range of uses because of its many advantages and physical properties. It has the highest machinability of any stainless steel at about 85% of that of a freemachining carbon steel. It has good drawability the combination of low yield strength and high elongation permits fabrication into complex shapes.
This publication is being made available in pdf format as a benefit to members and. Overview of typical applications for stainless steels stainless steel is a versatile material. These are used in hydraulic pumps, steam pumps, oil pumps and valves, among other engineering equipment. Pitting corrosion resistance and weldability are improved, suitable for use in. The more ductile grades are used to make grills, cookers, saucepans, and sinks. Other areas such as heat treatment, welding, machining, hot and cold working, hardening, work hardening and applications are also outlined. Fatigue and fatigue corrosion resistance of stainless steels are enhanced by the use of duplex grades higher mechanical properties, chromium content and duplex microstructure s32304 316l 317 ln 316l 2. Stainless 302, 304, 304l, 305 specialty stainless steel. It is characterised by its superior resistance to corrosion in comparison to other steels. The most commonly known advantages are its corrosion resistance and high strength, although there are many more. Type 304 is the most widely used austenitic stainless steel.
Utensils such as knives are made using less ductile grades of stainless steel. Stainless strip and wire to meet the needs of a variety of applications, we offer a wide range of steel grades with different properties. Stainless steel grade chart atlas steels specialty steels product reference manual. May 20, 2005 stainless steel is the name for a family of corrosion resistant steels. Stainless steel is more expensive than standard grades of steel but it has greater resistance to corrosion, needs low maintenance and has no need for painting or other protective coatings. Ancon is a member of the british stainless steel association. Typical uses include flat springs, knives, kitchen utensils and hand tools. Overview of typical applications for stainless steels. Stainless steel a family of medical device materials. Steel is an alloy but it is the level of impurities an. Care was taken to include as much information as possible about stainless steel flat products used throughout europe, for the informatio n of the user. Designers will find among the stainless steels, properties capable of meeting a wide range of manufacturing and enduse requirements. A wide spectrum of industries rely on stainless steel including construction, automotive and more. Use with overtapped galvanized nuts hot dip galvanized stainless steel is naturally corrosion and rust resistant making it the standard for outdoor applications 304 stainless steel 316 stainless steel has molybdenum added which is an alloy drastically enhancing corrosion resistance, especially for more saline.
Stainless steel grades chart pdf types of stainless steel. They are the alloys of iron, carbon and other elements such as silicon, phosphorus, sulphur and manganese. For many applications its simply the most effective solution. Stainless steel is the term used to describe an extremely versatile family of. Other metals added to carbon include chromium, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum and manganese. The high levels of these elements assure the alloy has superior chloride pitting and general corrosion resistance to the conventional 304304l and 316316l grades. Information on properties and working stresses, effect of cold working, bimetallic contact and relevant british standards is available in the ancon brochure the use of stainless steel in the construction industry. Stainless steels resistance to corrosion and staining, low maintenance, ease of fabrication, aesthetic appeal make it. This property of stainless steel comes from the addition of chromium to the metal, which when exposed to oxygen, creates a fine film over the steel to protect it. Introduction to stainless steels asm international. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel is mostly a result of the chromium content. Stainless steels are used in a wide variety of applications. With over 11% chromium, steel is about 200 times more resistant to corrosion than mild steel.
Aluminum is a low density versatile metal with good corrosion resistant values. As an integrated stainless steel producer, jfe produces stainless steel from steel. This article will investigate the characteristics, material properties, and applications of 440 steel so that readers can understand where it can be used and how to best apply this metal. Type 316 stainless steel properties and uses steel. It is extensively used in the marine sector, as it is corrosion resistance and can even be utilized in the harsh marine conditions as well. Different types of steels pdf applications, chemical composition, stainless steels, properties etc steels are widely used materials in industry. Properties of stainless steels the physical and mechanical properties of stainless steels are quite different from those of commonly used nonferrous alloys such as aluminum and copper alloys. There are over 3,500 different types of steel,which can be separated into four groups depending on its chemical content or metal alloy contents. Stainless steels corrosion resistance makes it ideal for a variety of applications. Other elements may be added to increase resistance to. First used for cutlery it soon found its way into the chemical industry because of its corrosion resistant characteristics. Conversely, stainless steel is used in fuel cells that do the opposite, react hydrogen with oxygen to produce water and electrical energy.
Aisi 301 stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel alloy that displays excellent corrosion resistance properties with the added benefits of good strength and ductility when cold worked. It also has excellent corrosion resistance properties. What are the different types of steel and its uses. Feb 18, 2004 316l is the low carbon version of 316 stainless steel. Type 304 stainless steel has good forming and welding properties as well as strong corrosion resistance and strength. The carbon present in the form of ironcarbidefe3c increases the hardness and strength of the steel. Austenitic stainless steel has a thermal conductivity of one third of carbon steel and is a superior absorber of laser light. It has been written primarily from a european perspective and may not fully reflect the practice in other regions. Stainless steel alloys selection guide engineering360. Stainless steel grade datasheets stainless steel grade datasheets. Stainless steel type 316 is widely used in applications requiring corrosion resistance superior to type 304, or good elevated temperature strength.
Stainless steel is the name for a family of corrosion resistant steels. Hardness is measured by hv or hrb only, depending upon the sheet thickness. Click on the links in the table below to access concise datasheets covering all the common stainless steels. Astm a 666 stainless steel is well suited for welding, forming and drawing. Covered in thsi document are the physical and mechanical properties of 316l stainless steel. Students learn about iron and steel through discussions, demonstrations and suggested optional activities.
The stainless steel family a short description of the various grades of stainless steel and how they fit into distinct metallurgical families. These applications include an extremely diversified range of uses, includ. Austenitic stainless steel, which is usually referred to as the 300 series, is ideally suited to laser welding, table 4. Stainless steel alloys materials technology solutions. To help you better understand your choices, heres a quick explanation of the most common types of stainless steel and their properties. The information herein is intended to facilitate understanding of the properties of the different types of stainless steels available. Examples of astm 304 stainless steel rust environment. In conjunction with low carbon content, chromium imparts remarkable resistance to corrosion and heat. The use and production of stainless steels are completely dominated by the industrialised. Grade data, properties and applications are inlcuded for stainless steel. Chemical and physical properties are in accordance with en 10088.
Selecting a stainless steel early uses of stainless steels were limited to such applications as gun barrels, cutlery, and nitric acid tanks. Corrosion decreases steel mechanical properties and gives it unacceptable aspect for many applications. The finest cutlery uses specially produced 410 and 420 for the knives and grade 304 188 stainless, 18% chromium 8% nickel for the spoons and forks. Alloy 317l uns s31703 is a lowcarbon corrosion resistant austenitic chromiumnickelmolybdenum stainless steel. Stainless steels corrosion resistance and mechanical properties can be further enhanced by adding other elements, such as nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium, manganese, etc. The right choice of steel type will limit the permeability that is the rate of penetration in a magnetic field to below 1. As stainless steels are relatively expensive raw materials, the industry has made use of life cycle costing to develop the market by highlighting the. Type 316 stainless steel properties and uses steel technology.
The european stainless steel industry promotes selection and use of appropriate grades of stainless steel to maximise the benefits of their unique properties throughout their life cycle. The prime objectives of euro inox are to create awareness of the unique properties of stainless steels and to further its use in existing applications and in new markets. Jan, 2020 steel it is an alloy made from iron and carbon. Our fully integrated mills include all stages in the manufacturing process.
Jan 11, 2020 type 304 is the most widely used austenitic stainless steel. These steels can be divided into three groups based on their crystalline structure. Stainless steels generally contain between 1020% chromium as the main alloying element and are valued for high corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels have many advantages from a metallurgical point of view. Stainless steel is a class of ironbased alloys with a minimum chromium content of 10. Typical uses include exhaust manifolds, furnace parts, heat exchangers, jet engine parts, pharmaceutical and photographic equipment, valve and pump trim, chemical equipment. This easytoread stainless steel grades chart pdf has all you need to. Types 302 s30200, 304s30400, 304l s30403, and 305 s30500 stainless steels are variations of the 18 percent chromium 8 percent nickel austenitic alloy, the most familiar and most frequently used alloy in the stainless steel family. Type 304 stainless steel has good forming and welding properties as. Different types of steels pdfstainless steels, chemical.
Our stock includes stainless steel alloys for different uses, for commercial uses, general engineering, aerospace and marine. Typical uses include exhaust manifolds, furnace parts, heat exchangers. Austenitic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect topics. European stainless steel producers national stainless steel development associations development associations of the alloying element industries. Alloy 317l austenitic stainless steel plate sandmeyer steel. This stainless steel class is known as the 440 steels, and it is a highly popular material thanks to its hardness and resistance to wear. Where special steel properties are called for, we can tailor our products to meet specific customer demands. Mechanical properties shown are for the commonly available form listed. Stainless steel reinforcing bar, although initially expensive, is proving to. Tables of technical properties international stainless steel. This is why stainless steel applications extend to outdoor as well as indoor applications at various pressure and temperature extremes. Precipitation hardening steel ferritic stainless steels ferriticaustenitic duplex stainless steels. However, when comparing the various stainless families with carbon steels, many similarities in properties.
Aisi standard precipitation hardening stainless steels in solution treated. Stainless steel is undoubtedly a valuable material which has many uses within a whole range of industries and without it we would have to use other materials which wouldnt be as effective. Magnetic properties austenitic stainless steel fasteners are normally nonmagnetic. Stainless steels introduction to grades, properties and. Steel is an extremely versatile alloy, often wrongly but understandably referred to as a metal. New uses are being continuously found for the attractive appearance, low maintenance and strength of stainless steel. Pdf different types and new applications of stainless steel.
In the food and catering industry, stainless steel is used to manufacture kitchen accessories, cookware, and cutlery. Stainless steel is made in various forms including plates, bars, sheets and tubing for use in industrial and domestic settings. Jan 27, 2019 stainless steels generally contain between 1020% chromium as the main alloying element and are valued for high corrosion resistance. New uses are being continuously found for the attractive appearance, corrosion resistance, low maintenance and strength of stainless steel. Stainless steel grade 316l properties, fabrication and. If you require stainless steel for whatever reason then contact bs stainless ltd. Assda has a single purpose to increase consumption of stainless steels in australia. Be part of a worldclass association and benefit from assdas commitment to industry market growth, access its technical support network, training and skills development, and various publications. Stainless 316, 316l, 317, 317l specialty stainless steel. This property of stainless steel comes from the addition of chromium to the metal, which when exposed to oxygen, creates a fine film over the. Minimum mechanical properties for annealed types 316, 316l, 317 and 317l austenitic stainless steel plate, sheet and strip as required by astm specifications a240 and asme specification sa240, are shown below. Stainless steels for springs and other demanding applications. Stainless steel is used in electrolysers pem proton exchange membranes and soel solid oxide electrolysers being the most common that convert electrical energy into hydrogen gas by water electrolysis.
Data sheet 410 stainless steel magnetic excellent corrosion resistance high strength hardness 410 stainless steel uns s4. This article will investigate the characteristics, material properties, and applications of 440 steel so that readers can understand where. Some of these include cookware, cutlery, hardware, surgical instruments, appliances, industrial equipment, and structural alloys for the automotive and aerospace industries. Most of the structural applications occur in the chemical and power engineering industries, which account for more than a third of the market for stainless steel products see the following table. Stainless steel general information st st introduction. However after cold working some ability to be magnetized may be evident. These steels are magnetic and can be hardened by treating them with heat.